Intervals

Story · Guided tour

How did one finding
open the next?

Start with one stretched string. Seven pages each add one finding and one sound experiment.

Discovery 6 of 7
1584 to about 1605 CE

Twelve equal steps

One tuning plays in every key.

Play both triads below. Hold their thirds together and a slow beat appears.

Equal steps split the octave into twelve equal parts. In 1584 CE the Ming prince Zhu Zaiyu published that division and computed its twelfth-root ratio by hand. Simon Stevin described the twelfth root of two about 1605 CE. Every fifth sits 1.96 cents narrow of pure 3:2. Every major third sits 13.69 cents wide of pure 5:4. Temperament walks the same chord shape through seven steps and into other keys.

Play the pure-ratio triad, the equal-steps triad, then hold their thirds together. Listen for the chords to keep the same identity while the two upper tones produce a slow beat. Equal steps shift the pure fifth and third slightly so twelve identical steps close at the octave. That compromise lets one fixed tuning carry the same chord shape into every key.

Compare the equal steps in Temperament

Phonology · The vibrating string

This is a monochord.

One string is stretched over a sounding box between two fixed ends. The rule beneath it measures the string, and the movable bridge stops it wherever you set it. Musicians and early students of nature both worked with this instrument, because it turns a length you can measure into a pitch you can hear. Set the equal parts, watch the bridge slide, then pluck. The shorter the sounding length, the higher the pitch.

One string over a sounding box, a rule that measures it, and a bridge that stops it. Musicians and early students of nature both used this instrument to turn a measured length into a pitch. Set the equal parts, watch the bridge slide, then pluck. The shorter the sounding length, the higher the pitch.

Move the bridgewhole string · 110 Hz
Sounding length1